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What are 2 possible causes of gamma-ray bursts?
One explanation proposes that they are the result of colliding neutron stars — corpses of massive stars (5 to 10 times the mass of our Sun) that have blown up as supernovae. A second theory proposes that gamma-ray bursts are the result of a merging between a neutron star and a black hole or between two black holes.
What happens if gamma-ray burst?
A GRB would deplete the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, allowing harmful UV radiation to reach the ground and thus have dire consequences for life. However, the ground-level ozone caused by the GRB would not be an additional hazard for life.
What causes short gamma-ray bursts?
The intense radiation of most observed GRBs is thought to be released during a supernova or superluminous supernova as a high-mass star implodes to form a neutron star or a black hole. A subclass of GRBs (the “short” bursts) appear to originate from the merger of binary neutron stars.
Why are gamma-ray bursts important?
Gamma-ray bursts and their afterglows can play an important role in our understanding of the universe too. Supernovas and neutron star mergers are thought to produce the universe’s heavy elements, such as gold and platinum.
What are the two types of bursts?
When astronomers looked at the number of bursts versus how long they lasted, they found two different classes of bursts: long-duration and short-duration. These two classes are likely created by different processes, but the end result in both cases is a brand new black hole.
What would happen if a gamma-ray burst hit a black hole?
Gamma radiation is still in the light spectrum, and thus its speed is in fact not bigger than the speed of light. so as the other answer already said, the black hole would simply absorb the radiation and nothing would happen.
How much damage can a gamma-ray burst do?
The scientists discovered the chance that a long gamma-ray burst could trigger mass extinctions on Earth was 50 percent in the past 500 million years, 60 percent in the past 1 billion years, and more than 90 percent in the past 5 billion years. For comparison, the solar system is about 4.6 billion years old.
What are the two types of gamma-ray bursts?
Two types of GRBs When astronomers looked at the number of bursts versus how long they lasted, they found two different classes of bursts: long-duration and short-duration. These two classes are likely created by different processes, but the end result in both cases is a brand new black hole.
Can Earth survive a gamma ray burst?
With the gamma-rays beamed directly at Earth, the radiation would destroy a significant portion of our atmosphere, specifically the ozone layer. The photons streaming from the burst would cause chemical reactions leading to photochemical smog. This would further deplete our protection from cosmic rays.
Is a quasar the same as a gamma ray burst?
Quasars are thought to be powered by accretion of material onto supermassive black holes in the centers of distant galaxies. Gamma-ray bursts, the death throes of massive stars, are the most energetic explosions in the universe.
Can a gamma ray burst destroy a black hole?
How do gamma-ray bursts work?
GRBs emit gamma rays, the highest-energy form of light. Most GRBs occurs when some types of massive stars run out of fuel and collapse to create new black holes. Others happen when two neutron stars, superdense remnants of stellar explosions, merge.
Is a quasar the same as a gamma-ray burst?
What is a sampling error?
Sampling errors occur when numerical parameters of an entire population are derived from samples of the entire population. The difference between the values derived from the sample of a population and the true values of the population parameters is considered a sampling error.
How to reduce sampling errors by half?
Increasing the size of samples can eliminate sampling errors. However, to reduce them by half, the sample size needs to be increased by four times. If the selected samples are small and do not adequately represent the whole data, the analysts can select a greater number of samples for satisfactory representation.
How do you measure variation caused by sampling errors?
However, analysts can use analytical methods to measure the amount of variation caused by sampling errors. Population Specification Error – Happens when the analysts do not understand who to survey. For example, for a survey of breakfast cereals, the population can be the mother, children, or the entire family.