Table of Contents
What causes cortical laminar necrosis?
Cortical laminar necrosis is predominantly caused by hypoxia and metabolic disorders, like hypoglycemia, intoxication, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, renal and hepatic dysfunction, but may also be seen in patients with encephalitis [8–10].
Is laminar necrosis reversible?
These changes are usually reversible. Jansen et al (1) reported one patient treated with CsA who had cortical T1-weighted hyperintensities, such as are found in cortical laminar necrosis. Appignani et al (7) described the neuroimaging findings in six patients with FK 506-neurotoxicity.
What is laminar necrosis of the brain?
Cortical laminar necrosis, also known as pseudolaminar necrosis, is necrosis of neurons in the cortex of the brain in situations when the supply of oxygen and glucose is inadequate to meet regional demands. This is often encountered in cardiac arrest, global hypoxia and hypoglycemia.
What is laminar necrosis?
Cortical pseudolaminar necrosis, also known as cortical laminar necrosis and simply laminar necrosis, is the (uncontrolled) death of cells in the (cerebral) cortex of the brain in a band-like pattern, with a relative preservation of cells immediately adjacent to the meninges.
What is laminar Decidual necrosis?
Basal plate laminar necrosis or diffuse decidual leukocytoclastic necrosis (DDLN) is a diffuse band of coagulative necrosis at the chorio-decidual interface, admixed with karyorrhectic debris. Thus far, DDLN has been described in one publication only.
Is laminar a flow?
Laminar flow occurs when the fluid flows in infinitesimal parallel layers with no disruption between them. In laminar flows, fluid layers slide in parallel, with no eddies, swirls or currents normal to the flow itself.
What is cortical enhancement?
Gyral enhancement, also known as gyriform, cortical, or grey matter enhancement, is a pattern of contrast enhancement in the superficial brain parenchyma that conforms to the serpentine morphology of the cerebral gyri.
What causes placental necrosis?
Laminar necrosis of placental membranes (LN), a band of coagulative necrosis at the choriodecidual interphase, is a histologic lesion of unclear pathogenesis that has been reported in placentas from preeclampsia, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preterm abruption.
What is Decidual tissue?
Abstract. The decidua has been known as maternal uterine tissue, which plays essential roles in protecting the embryo from being attacked by maternal immune cells and provides nutritional support for the developing embryo prior to placenta formation.
What are the significance of laminar flow?
Laminar airflow is used to separate volumes of air, or prevent airborne contaminants from entering an area. Laminar flow hoods are used to exclude contaminants from sensitive processes in science, electronics and medicine.
What causes a laminar flow?
Laminar flow or streamline flow in pipes (or tubes) occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards.
What is laminar decidual necrosis?
What does a placental infarct mean?
Placental infarction (sometimes called placental cerebral infarction) is the interruption in blood flow between the placenta and the baby. Minor infarctions (lesions or masses on the placenta) are present in about a quarter of all normal pregnancies, and do not affect the pregnancy.
What is necrotic decidua?
Diffuse decidual leukocytoclastic necrosis (DDLN), a band-like distribution of coagulative necrosis admixed with karyorrhectic debris has been reported at the choriodecidual interface of the decidua capsularis in placentas of women with preeclampsia, preterm PROM and abruptions.
Under what conditions will laminar flow occur?
What are the characteristics of laminar flow?
In laminar flow, the motion of the particles of the fluid is very orderly with particles close to a solid surface moving in straight lines parallel to that surface. Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection.
When does laminar flow occur?
What is the normal course of laminar necrosis after stroke?
T1 curvilinear hyperintensities signalling laminar necrosis become evident as early as 3 to 5 days after stroke, but typically after 2 weeks, with a peak of intensity around 1month, and then slowly fades usually over 3 or so months 6-8.
What does laminar necrosis look like on CT scan?
CT Appearances of cortical laminar necrosis on CT can be subtle, appearing as gyriform changes in attenuation, both hypodense and hyperdense depending on timing. No hemorrhage or calcification is evident acutely. After a few days, gyral enhancement will be seen which typically persists for up to 3 months.
The vulnerability of cortical layers 3, 4, and 5 to anoxia and ischemia, due to its higher metabolic demands, is the cause of cortical laminar necrosis . The gyriform high attenuation is believed to be caused by the accumulation of denatured proteins in dying cells and does not represent the presence of hemorrhage.
How is cortical laminar necrosis (CLN) identified in acute phase DWI?
Laminar necrosis may be identified within hours of the anoxic-ischaemic event. In the acute phase DWI is superior to conventional MRI sequences to distinguish these cortical changes 6. Appearances of cortical laminar necrosis on CT can be subtle, appearing as gyriform changes in attenuation, both hypodense and hyperdense depending on timing.