Table of Contents
What are purine analog drugs?
Purine analogues are the second most frequently used cytotoxic agents in the treatment of FL. As antimetabolites which mimic physiological nucleosides, they are incorporated into newly synthesized DNA, eventually causing cell death by apoptosis.
How do purine analogs work?
By preventing the clonal expansion of lymphocytes in the induction phase of the immune response, it affects both cell immunity and humoral immunity. It also successfully suppresses autoimmunity.
Is Methotrexate a purine analog?
Developed as a folic acid analogue, methotrexate inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis, which accounts for its efficacy in the therapy of cancer as well as for some of its toxicities.
Is cyclophosphamide a purine analogue?
No differences were seen in overall survival for any comparisons. In conclusion, purine analogs, particularly combined with cyclophosphamide, significantly improve progression free survival but not survival.
What is purine and pyrimidine analogs?
The basic mechanism of action of purine and pyrimidine antimetabolites is similar. These compounds diffuse into cells (usually with the aid of a membrane transporter1) and are converted to analogues of cellular nucleotides by enzymes of the purine or pyrimidine metabolic pathway.
Is azathioprine a purine analog?
Azathioprine, a purine analogue, significantly suppressed the purine synthesis de novo of two gouty patients manifesting overproduction of uric acid, as well as three of four gouty patients who showed normal uric acid production.
What is the function of purine?
Purines act as metabolic signals, provide energy, control cell growth, are part of essential coenzymes, contribute to sugar transport and donate phosphate groups in phosphorylation reactions (Jankowski et al., 2005; Handford et al., 2006).
What are examples of purine?
Examples of purines are adenine and guanine. Purines are also found in meat and meat products. They are broken down by the body to form uric acid, which is passed in the urine.
What are some examples of purines?
Examples of purines are adenine and guanine. Purines are also found in meat and meat products. They are broken down by the body to form uric acid, which is passed in the urine. High levels of uric acid in the body may cause gout.
In which anticancer drug purine ring is present?
17. Purine antagonist: Fludarabine • It is a prodrug, useful in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Fludarabine is also effective against hairy cell leukemia and indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Which organ is responsible for uric acid?
Uric acid is synthesized mainly in the liver, intestines and the vascular endothelium as the end product of an exogenous pool of purines, and endogenously from damaged, dying and dead cells, whereby nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are degraded into uric acid.
What do purines do in the body?
Purines are a natural substance found in some foods. Purines aren’t all bad, but you want to avoid high amounts. When your body digests purine, it produces a waste product called uric acid. A buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints can cause certain health issues.
What is purine and pyrimidine analogues?
Is the first purine analogue beneficial for neoplastic diseases?
6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) was among the first purine analogs that demonstrated antineoplastic activity, and it remains useful in the treatment of acute leukemia. This derivative of hypoxanthine is a relatively insoluble, amphoteric compound that is stable, except in alkaline solutions.
What are purine analogues used as antineoplastic agents?
The purine analogues used as antineoplastic agents are a group of agents with similar structures, but somewhat different mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indications and adverse effects. These agents are nucleoside analogues and are considered antimetabolites, interfering or competing with nu …
What is the difference between purine analogs?
The purine analogues used as antineoplastic agents are a group of agents with similar structures, but somewhat different mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indications and adverse effects.
What is a purine antimetabolite?
A purine antimetabolite used for the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), used in patients who have not responded to or who were unable to tolerate alternative MS drugs. A purine analogue antineoplastic agent used for the induction of remission, and for remission consolidation in patients with acute nonlymphocytic anemias.
What are purine analogs for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ATL)?
Other purine analogs clinically studied for ATL are fludarabine and cladribine. Fludarabine is among the standard treatments for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other lymphoid malignancies.