Table of Contents
What are the causes of rhabdomyolysis?
Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life-threatening syndrome resulting from the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers with leakage of muscle contents into the circulation. The most common causes are crush injury, overexertion, alcohol abuse and certain medicines and toxic substances.
What defines rhabdomyolysis?
INTRODUCTION Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by muscle necrosis and the release of intracellular muscle constituents into the circulation. Creatine kinase (CK) levels are typically markedly elevated, and muscle pain and myoglobinuria may be present.
What causes muscle breakdown in rhabdomyolysis?
Rhabdomyolysis can be a life-threatening condition caused by muscle breakdown and muscle death. This dangerous muscle damage can result from overexertion, trauma, toxic substances or disease. As muscle cells disintegrate, they release a protein called myoglobin into the blood.
What enzyme causes rhabdomyolysis?
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Rhabdomyolysis is characterized clinically by myalgias, red to brown urine due to myoglobinuria, and elevated serum muscle enzymes (including creatine kinase [CK]) [1]. The degree of muscle pain and other symptoms varies widely.
What causes muscle protein breakdown?
Muscle protein breakdown (MPB) is an important metabolic component of muscle remodeling, adaptation to training, and increasing muscle mass. Degradation of muscle proteins occurs via the integration of three main systems—autophagy and the calpain and ubiquitin-proteasome systems.
What causes muscle damage?
Many cases result from crush injuries to the muscles that can be seen in people who have been in vehicle accidents or have suffered other serious trauma. Heatstroke can cause rhabdomyolysis, as can a bite from some types of snakes whose venom causes severe muscle damage.
Why does rhabdomyolysis cause hypocalcemia?
Hyperphosphatemia causes the deposition of calcium phosphate on the destroyed muscle cells and other tissues, resulting in early hypocalcemia during rhabdomyolysis. During cellular necrosis, calcium, initially combined with muscle cells, is released back into the plasma.
Which antibiotic causes rhabdomyolysis?
Introduction: Daptomycin, macrolides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, and cefdinir are known to be associated with rhabdomyolysis. Other antibiotics may also lead to rhabdomyolysis, but no study has systemically compared rhabdomyolysis associations for many available antibiotics.
Can Viagra cause rhabdomyolysis?
A study in Korea reported that high doses of Sildenafil may cause rhabdomyolysis. (9) The true incidence of Sildenafil-related renal matters is unknown, since the post-marketing data are very limited. More cases can be detected as the number of prescription of Sildenafil increases.
Can dehydration cause rhabdomyolysis?
Dehydration doesn’t cause rhabdo but it can make it worse. Muscle damage releases proteins and electrolytes into the body. Dehydration impairs the body’s ability to get rid of these muscle proteins and electrolytes.
Can too much protein cause rhabdomyolysis?
Indeed, research documents incidences of extreme muscle damage and renal failure (rhabdomyolysis) in various sports, including bodybuilding [11]. Interestingly, protein intake may be a factor leading to associated creatine kinase elevations after resistance exercise [12].
Why there is hyperkalemia in rhabdomyolysis?
Hyperkalemia is further aggravated by metabolic acidosis induced by the release of various organic acids (e.g., lactic acid, uric acid) from the disrupted muscle cells [21,57,58]. The hypocalcemia that occurs in the initial stages of rhabdomyolysis further enhances the cardiotoxic effect of potassium [20].
How does rhabdomyolysis cause hypercalcemia?
Mobilization of calcium from calcium phosphate deposits in the injured muscles seems to be the main reason for hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria in rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI.
What infections cause rhabdomyolysis?
Viral infectious disease agents that may cause rhabdomyolysis include the following :
- Influenza types A and B (most common)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Coxsackievirus.
- Epstein-Barr virus.
- Echovirus.
- Cytomegalovirus.
- Adenovirus.
- Herpes simplex virus.
What drugs causes rhabdomyolysis?
Which medications may cause rhabdomyolysis?
- Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors)
- Antihistamines (particularly in children)
- Salicylates.
- Caffeine.
- Fibric acid derivatives (eg, bezafibrate, clofibrate, fenofibrate, and gemfibrozil)
- Neuroleptics/antipsychotics.