What are the ideal properties of scintillation materials?
There are many desired properties of scintillators, such as high density, fast operation speed, low cost, radiation hardness, production capability and durability of operational parameters. High density reduces the material size of showers for high-energy γ-quanta and electrons.
What is BGO scintillator?
Bismuth germanium oxide or bismuth germanate is an inorganic chemical compound of bismuth, germanium and oxygen. Most commonly the term refers to the compound with chemical formula Bi 4Ge 3O 12 (BGO), with the cubic evlitine crystal structure, used as a scintillator.
What does scintillation crystal do?
A scintillation crystal absorbs gamma photons by one or more collision processes and converts some of their energy into visible light and ultraviolet (UV) photons. This is done through a process know as scintillation. In a sense, the crystal acts as a wavelength shifter.
What is the principle of scintillation counter?
A scintillation counter is an instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation by using the excitation effect of incident radiation on a scintillator material and detecting the resultant light pulses.
What are LYSO crystals?
LYSO Scintillation Crystal LYSO (Lu 1.8Y. 2. SiO5:Ce) is a Cerium doped Lutetium-based scintillation crystal that offers several benefits compared to many common scintillation materials. LYSO offers high density and short decay time and an exceptional high photon-emission rate.
What type of radiation can a scintillation detector detect?
Scintillation Detectors Scintillation (light) detectors detect radiation by measuring the amount of light produced in special crystalline materials by the ionizing radiation. The most common material used is sodium iodine (NaI).
What is LYSO used for?
Lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) or lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) are the scintillator materials most widely used today in PET detectors due to their convenient physical properties for the detection of 511 keV annihilation photons.
What are LYSO?
Summary. Lysosomes are cell organelles almost exclusively found in eukaryotic animal cells. Lysosomes are membrane-bound spherical sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes can break down many types of biomolecules such as proteins and fats.
What was Lysol made for?
the cholera epidemic
Lysol Brand Disinfectant was first invented in Germany in the late 19th century, originally used as a way to help with the cholera epidemic, after which it was also used to attempt to prevent the Spanish influenza pandemic in 1918.
What are the properties of BGO?
These properties make BGO suitable to be applied as scintillators in medicine, in geological explorations, nuclear physics, high energy physics and nonlinear optical field. Wavelength (Max. Emission) (nm)
What is the difference between BGO and conventional nonlinear optical crystals?
In addition, compared with conventional nonlinear optical crystals, BGO exhibits three- and five-order non- linear absorption response in the visible and infrared optical band, respectively. It performed as well as the other excellent nonlinear optical materials in the nonlinear optical field due to its large nonlinear coefficient.
What is the Scintillation Materials Library?
as a web-accessible reference to useful scintillation detector materials, and as an aid in developing fundamental theories or empirical relations between basic material properties and scintillation performance.
What is the purpose of the scintillation study?
as an aid in developing fundamental theories or empirical relations between basic material properties and scintillation performance. To this end both strong and weak scintillators have been included, as well as those where sensitive measurements have not detected any scintillation emissions.