Table of Contents
What is the difference between a case-control study and a retrospective cohort study?
While retrospective cohort studies try to compare the risk of developing a disease to some already known exposure factors, a case-control study will try to determine the possible exposure factors after a known disease incidence.
Is a case-control study is retrospective?
By definition, a case-control study is always retrospective because it starts with an outcome then traces back to investigate exposures.
What is the main difference between a cohort study and a case-control study?
Whereas the cohort study is concerned with frequency of disease in exposed and non-exposed individuals, the case-control study is concerned with the frequency and amount of exposure in subjects with a specific disease (cases) and people without the disease (controls).
Can cohort studies be retrospective?
Cohort studies can be prospective or retrospective (Figure 2). Prospective studies are carried out from the present time into the future. Because prospective studies are designed with specific data collection methods, it has the advantage of being tailored to collect specific exposure data and may be more complete.
Can a case-control study be prospective?
However, case-control studies, like cohort studies, can be either retrospective or prospective. In a prospective case-control study, the investigator still enrolls based on outcome status, but the investigator must wait to the cases to occur.
What is the difference between Case control and retrospective?
Case control study inspects individuals by outcome/disease status. But, the retrospective cohort study inspects individuals by their exposure status.
What is a retrospective case study?
A retrospective case series is the description of a group of cases with a new or unusual disease or treatment. With a case-control study, cases with and without the condition of interest are identified, and the degree of exposure to a possible risk factor is then retrospectively compared between the 2 groups.
What type of study is a case-control study?
Case-Control study design is a type of observational study. In this design, participants are selected for the study based on their outcome status. Thus, some participants have the outcome of interest (referred to as cases), whereas others do not have the outcome of interest (referred to as controls).
What is retrospective study in research?
Listen to pronunciation. (REH-troh-SPEK-tiv STUH-dee) A study that compares two groups of people: those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls).
When would you use a case-control study?
Case-control studies are advantageous under the following circumstances:
- When exposure data are expensive or difficult to obtain, e.g., assessing pesticide levels in blood or other medical tests.
- When the disease has a long induction and/or latent period, e.g., cancer, dementia.
- When the outcome (disease) is rare.
Why is a cohort study retrospective?
The advantages of retrospective cohort studies are that they are less expensive to perform than cohort studies and they can be performed immediately because they are retrospective. Also due to this latter aspect, their limitation is: poor control over the exposure factor, covariates, and potential confounders.
Why is a cohort study superior to a case-control study?
Cohort studies work well for rare exposures–you can specifically select people exposed to a certain factor. But this design does not work for rare diseases–you would then need a large study group to find sufficient disease cases. Case-control studies are relatively simple to conduct.
What are the advantages of using a cohort study design compared to a case-control study design?
What are the limitations of retrospective cohort study?
Disadvantages of Retrospective Cohort Studies There is frequently an absence of data on potential confounding factors if the data was recorded in the past. It may be difficult to identify an appropriate exposed cohort and an appropriate comparison group.
Why are retrospective studies good?
What are the advantages of a case-control study?
Advantages
- Easy to conduct as no follow up is required.
- No attrition, as no follow up is needed.
- Gives faster results.
- Inexpensive.
- Suitable for rare and newly identified diseases.
- More than one risk factors can be studied simultaneously.
- Ethical problem lesser as disease has already occurred.
What are 2 limitations of case-control studies?
The main limitations of case-control studies are:
- ‘Recall bias’ When people answer questions about their previous exposure to certain risk factors their ability to recall may be unreliable.
- Cause and effect.
- ‘Sampling bias’
- Other limitations.
What is the difference between case control and cohort study?
Inefficient for rare exposures;
How does retrospective case-control study differ?
Case control study inspects individuals by outcome/disease status . But, the retrospective cohort study inspects individuals by their exposure status. Case-control study is a type of observational study where individuals with outcome of interest (cases) and individuals without outcome of interest (controls) are first identified.
What are examples of case control studies?
When the disease or outcome being studied is rare.
How to identify different types of cohort studies?
Types of Cohort Studies. The simplest cohort design is prospective, i.e., following a group forward in time, but a cohort study can also be ‘retrospective’. In general, the descriptor, ‘prospective’ or ‘retrospective’, indicates when the cohort is identified relative to the initiation of the study.