What are bulbar muscles?
What are the bulbar muscles? The term bulbar muscles refers to a group of muscles in the head and neck. These muscles are involved in speaking, swallowing, chewing, and holding the jaw in place. The nerves that control these muscles are located in a part of the brainstem called the bulbar region.
What is bulbar muscle weakness?
Definition. Bulbar weakness (or bulbar palsy) refers to bilateral impairment of function of the lower cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII, which occurs due to lower motor neuron lesion either at nuclear or fascicular level in the medulla or from bilateral lesions of the lower cranial nerves outside the brain-stem.
Is the nose medial to the ears?
Medial and Lateral Medial means towards the midline, lateral means away from the midline. Examples: The eye is lateral to the nose. The nose is medial to the ears.
What are bulbar reflexes?
Bulbar palsy is a set of conditions that can occur due to damage to the lower cranial nerves. Clinical features of bulbar palsy range from difficulty swallowing and a lack of a gag reflex to inability to articulate words and excessive drooling.
Which muscles are bulbar muscles?
It’s also sometimes called bulbospinal muscular atrophy. The adjective bulbar refers to a bulblike structure in the lower part of the brain that contains nerve cells controlling muscles in the face, mouth and throat.
Is elbow distal to the wrist?
The elbow is proximal to the wrist on the upper extremity. L. Distal – Remote; farther from any point of reference. The elbow is distal to the shoulder joint.
What is an example of lateral in anatomy?
Lateral means to the side of, or away from, the middle of the body. Examples: The ears are lateral to the nose. The arms are lateral to the chest.
What are bulbar nerves?
neurological disorders In nervous system disease: Bulbar nerves. (In this context, the term bulbar refers to the medulla oblongata, which looks like a swelling, or bulb, at the top of the spinal cord.) Damage to the 9th through 12th cranial nerves, the bulbar nerves, causes impairment of swallowing and speech and…
What is distal to the knee?
Distal refers to a body part that is farther from the torso, relative to another body part. For example, the bottom of the femur (thigh bone), which is one of three bony surfaces that form the knee joint, is called the distal femur.
Is the knee distal to the ankle?
The knee is PROXIMAL to the ankle.
Is the mouth distal to the nose?
Superior and Inferior The nose is superior to the mouth.
What is proximal and distal muscles?
The distal muscles are those farther from the center of the body and include the muscles of the lower arms and legs and the hands and feet. Conversely, the proximal muscles are the muscles closest to the center of the body such as the muscles of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper arms and legs.
What is an adverb in grammar?
<< Back to Index. An adverb is a word that is used to change, modify or qualify several types of words including an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase, with the exception of determiners and adjectives, that directly modify nouns.
What are adverbs that describe when an action occurred?
Examples of adverbs that describe when an action occurred include: Early: She arrived early for the meeting. First: When I bake, I make cookies first. Last: When I clean, I do laundry last. Later: I will stop by later to see how you are doing.
What are adverb clauses?
Some groups of words serve the same functions as adverbs. These are known as adverb clauses. Be sure to read the adverb clause section to learn new ways to make your sentences even more interesting.
How do you use adverbs to modify verbs?
1 Adverbs can always be used to modify verbs. Notice that the second of these two sentences is much more interesting simply because it contains an adverb: The dog ran. 2 Adverbs are often formed by adding the letters “-ly” to adjectives. 3 An adverb can be used to modify an adjective and intensify the meaning it conveys.