Table of Contents
What are the applications of photonic crystals?
Applications. Photonic crystals are attractive optical materials for controlling and manipulating light flow. One dimensional photonic crystals are already in widespread use, in the form of thin-film optics, with applications from low and high reflection coatings on lenses and mirrors to colour changing paints and inks …
What are photonic biosensors?
Photonic biosensors: SPR and beyond These are self-integrated devices that use specific biorecognition elements—such as antibodies, DNA strands or enzymes—to capture and detect a target molecule, or analyte, present in a sample.
What is a photonic crystal made of?
“Photonic crystals are composed of periodic dielectric or metallo-dielectric nanostructures that are designed to affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EM) in the same way as the periodic potential in a semiconductor crystal affects the electron motion by defining allowed and forbidden electronic energy bands …
What are the applications of biosensors in pharmaceutical industries?
Enzyme‐based biosensors can be applied in the pharmaceutical industry for monitoring chemical parameters in the production process (in bioreactors). Affinity biosensors are suitable for high‐throughput screening of bioprocess‐produced antibodies and for candidate drug screening.
What is bio sensor write working and application?
The simplest definition of a Biosensor is given here: A Biosensor is an analytical device that detects changes in Biological processes and converts them into an electrical signal. The term Biological process can be any biological element or material like enzymes, tissues, microorganisms, cells, acids, etc.
What are the examples of biosensors?
Biosensors are nowadays ubiquitous in different areas of healthcare. Pregnancy tests and glucose monitoring sensors are the two main examples of very successful biosensor devices. A range of transduction techniques such as electrochemical, optical and acoustic, can be used for biosensors.
What is photonic crystal waveguide?
Photonic crystal waveguides (PCW) are one of the promising examples of PhCs applications at micron and submicron length-scales. PCW can be formed by removing one or several lines of scatterers from the PhC lattice. Light confinement is obtained due to a complete photonic bandgap (PBG).
What is microwave application?
Applications of Microwave: To cook food as it cause water and fat molecules to vibrate, which makes the substances hot. Mobile phones use microwaves, as they can be generated by a small antenna. Wifi also uses microwaves. Fixed traffic speed cameras.
What are the applications of microwave spectroscopy?
Microwave spectroscopy is suitable for studying chemically and physically very interesting molecular systems, including weakly bound complexes, radicals, ions, and other transient species. Information on molecular structure, internal motions and intermolecular interactions are easily obtained.
What are photonic crystal-based biosensors and how do they work?
Over the past two decades, photonic crystal-based biosensors are showing a vital role to be played in the field of medical diagnosis, life science, and other applications owing to their high sensitivity, compactness, and high Q-factor.
Which lattice structure is used for designing biosensors?
Based on above review of the PC based biosensors, it can be inferred that: Both square and hexagonal lattice structures are used for designing biosensors. Among these, the hexagonal lattice is used in most of the sensors as they provide a wider photonic bandgap.
What is the structure of a biosensor?
The structure of the biosensor consists of a triangular lattice with air holes on the dielectric silicon slab with a lattice constant of 470 nm and the radius of the air holes is taken as 190 nm. The Photonic crystal structure shows a bandgap ranges from 1135 to 1860 nm for TM polarization.
Is there a 2-D photonic crystal based bio-chip for DNA analysis?
Nischita R, Gudagunti FD, Sharan P, Srinivas T (2015) 2-D photonic crystal based bio-chip for DNA analysis of breast cancer. In: 2015 International conference on pervasive computing (ICPC) (pp 1–4). IEEE Olyaee S, Mohebzadeh-Bahabady A (2014) Two-curve-shaped biosensor using photonic crystal nano-ring resonators. J Nanostruct 4 (3):303–308