What does face negotiation theory Ting-Toomey explain?
Face Negotiation Theory assumes that people in all cultures work to maintain face in all situations (Ting-Toomey, 1999). It further states that the root of conflict is based on self management on an individual and cultural level. The different types of individual and cultural identities are described as faces.
What is face negotiation theory example?
Examples of Face Negotiation Theory People in Western countries are more individualistic and they have a different way to react in conflicts in comparison to the people in Eastern countries. Individualistic people become more aggressive and progress oriented in conflicting situations.
What are the four faces of face negotiation theory?
Specifically, the theoretical formulation of the four faces of face first introduced by Ting-Toomey – face-restoration (self autonomy), face-saving (other autonomy), face-giving (other inclusion) and face-assertion (self inclusion) are used to discuss how they affect mediators.
Who Founded face negotiation theory?
Stella Ting-Toomey
But conflicts are inevitable being in a relationship. The face negotiation theory explains how cultural difference in people influence in managing conflicts. The theory was formulated by Stella Ting-Toomey, professor of human communication at California State University.
What is face negotiation theory quizlet?
Face Negotiation Theory GOAL. To EXPLAIN how members of different cultures manage conflict. Face Negotiation Theory CONCEPTS. Face, Facework, Culture, and Conflict.
Why is face negotiation important?
A scheduled place and time for face-to-face negotiations allows both parties to focus on their respective needs and mutually beneficial communication. This is quite different than back-and-forth communication through other channels that is fragmented.
What do the four faces represent?
The four faces represent a lion, an ox, a man, and an eagle. Each face is a metaphor of what a leader or manager needs to be—all at the same time.
When was face negotiation theory developed?
1985
In 1985, Professor Stella Ting-Toomey developed face negotiation theory to intercultural communication patterns that were absent in prior research.
Is face negotiation theory an objective theory?
Face-negotiation theory is an objective theory. Which two facework strategies reflect a concern with mutual-face? Problem solving and respect. apan has an individualistic culture.
What is mutual face communication?
Mutual face is the concern for both parties’ images or, more broadly, the image of the relationship between the parties as a whole (Ting-Toomey & Kurogi, 1998, p. 200).
What are the 4 faces of man?
Cherubim and the Four Faces Cherubim are described in the Bible as having four faces: a face of an ox, a lion, an eagle and a man. Christopher shows through historical evidence how these faces depict different aspects of a king’s power, majesty, and intelligence.
What does the face of the ox represent?
The ox, or bull, is an ancient Christian symbol of redemption and life through sacrifice, signifying Luke’s records of Christ as a priest and his ultimate sacrifice for the future of humanity.
What is Stella Ting-Toomey’s face negotiation theory?
Stella Ting-Toomey 1. Stella Ting-Toomey’s face-negotiation theory helps to explain cultural differences in response to conflict A basic assumption is that all people negotiate “face.” 1. Face is a metaphor for our public self-image 2.
What is the face negotiation theory?
The face negotiation theory explains how cultural difference in people influence in managing conflicts. The theory was formulated by Stella Ting-Toomey, professor of human communication at California State University. Toomey described that difference in handling the conflicts can be a part of maintaing a ‘face’ in the society.
What is face maintenance theory in negotiation?
Face Negotiation Theory: Face-Maintenance Framework. Face-Negotiation Theory is a theory conceived by Stella Ting-Toomey in 1985, to understand how people from different cultures manage rapport and disagreements. The theory posited “face”, or self-image when communicating with others, as a universal phenomenon that pervades across cultures.
What is Stella Ting-Toomey’s definition of conflict?
According to the Stella Ting-Toomey “People face a conflict situation will differ from individualist culture and collectivist culture. When an ordinary person in USA, followed the response to a conflict will be self-preserving and dominating.