What was the major finding of Craik and Tulving 1975 study on memory?
Findings. Craik & Tulving found that participants were better able to recall words which had been processed more deeply – that is, processed semantically, supporting level of processing theory.
What did Craik and Tulving study?
Craik and Tulving conducted an experiment to determine whether the level of processing has an influence on recall. They used the incidental learning paradigm in their studies, which is when participants are not told explicitly that they will be tested.
What did Craik and Lockhart discover?
Craik and Lockhart (1972) argued that deep processing leads to better long-term memory than shallow processing.
What is Craik and lockharts theory?
Craik and Lockhart’s theory (1972) is the theory that repetition of information improves memorization only when the repetition is done in depth and for the purpose of semantically processing the material. This theory is called ‘processing depth theory’.
How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?
Explicit memory deals with remembering facts and events. Unlike implicit memory, which you use unconsciously, it takes a conscious effort to retrieve things from your explicit memory.
What is the difference between shallow and deep processing?
Deep processing involves attention to meaning and is associated with elaborative rehearsal. Shallow processing involves repetition with little attention to meaning and is associated with maintenance rehearsal.
What is the multi-store model in psychology?
The multi-store model is an explanation of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin which assumes there are three unitary (separate) memory stores, and that information is transferred between these stores in a linear sequence.
What type of memory did Henry molaison lose?
M’s inability to form new memories after his operation, known as anterograde amnesia, was the result of his loss of hippocampus. This meant that H.M could not learn new words, facts, or faces after his surgery, and he would even forget who he was talking to the moment he walked away.
Who was H.M. and what did we learn about memory from his experiences?
Henry Molaison (HM) taught us about memory by losing his. HM, age 60. Henry Molaison, known by thousands of psychology students as “HM,” lost his memory on an operating table in a hospital in Hartford in August 1953. He was 27 years old and had suffered from epileptic seizures for many years.
What are visceral processes?
Visceral processing involves automatic, prewired, emotional responses: rapid judgments of good or bad. Behavioral processing involves brain processes that control everyday behavior, and can produce responses that are more sophisticated than can visceral processing.
What is chunking method in psychology?
Chunking refers to the process of taking individual pieces of information and grouping them into larger units. By grouping each data point into a larger whole, you can improve the amount of information you can remember.
What is the difference between explicit and episodic memory?
Types of of Explicit Memory It involves conscious thought and and is declarative. Episodic Memory: Autobiographical memory involves various episodes from the past gathered from our personal history based on a certain time, space, object, or person. Autobiographical memories often combine episodic and semantic memories.
What is shallow processing in memory?
cognitive processing of a stimulus that focuses on its superficial, perceptual characteristics rather than its meaning. It is considered that processing at this shallow level produces weaker, shorter-lasting memories than deep processing. See levels-of-processing model of memory.
What is deep processing in memory?
cognitive processing of a stimulus that focuses on its meaningful properties rather than its perceptual characteristics. It is considered that processing at this semantic level, which usually involves a degree of elaboration, produces stronger, longer-lasting memories than shallow processing.