What is CREB in cell signaling?
The cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is an intracellular protein that regulates the expression of genes that are important in dopaminergic neurons. Dopamine affects the phosphorylation of CREB via G protein-coupled receptors.
Where does cell signaling occur?
Cell signaling is the fundamental process by which specific information is transferred from the cell surface to the cytosol and ultimately to the nucleus, leading to changes in gene expression.
Where is CREB found?
The cAMP response element (CRE) is the response element for CREB which contains the highly conserved nucleotide sequence, 5′-TGACGTCA-3′. CRE sites are typically found upstream of genes, within the promoter or enhancer regions. There are approximately 750,000 palindromic and half-site CREs in the human genome.
Is CREB a neurotransmitter?
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Protein. CREB is not a neurotransmitter but a cellular transcription factor, which binds to DNA sequences called cAMP response elements, thereby increasing or decreasing the transcription of downstream genes (Bourtchuladze et al., 1994).
What Happens When CREB is activated?
When activated, CREB protein recruits other transcriptional coactivators to bind to CRE promoter 5′ upstream region. Hydrophobic leucine amino acids are located along the inner edge of the alpha helix. These leucine residues tightly bind to leucine residues of another CREB protein forming a dimer.
What activates CREB?
CREB also induces an antiapoptotic survival signal in monocytes and macrophages. In T and B cells, CREB activation promotes proliferation and survival and differentially regulates Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses.
How does CREB bind to DNA?
The DNA binding of CREB is mediated via its basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP domain) as depicted in the image. Evidence suggests the β-adrenoceptor (a G-protein coupled receptor) stimulates CREB signalling.
What are the 3 stages of cell Signalling?
Cell signaling can be divided into 3 stages.
- Reception: A cell detects a signaling molecule from the outside of the cell.
- Transduction: When the signaling molecule binds the receptor it changes the receptor protein in some way.
- Response: Finally, the signal triggers a specific cellular response.
How does CREB regulate gene expression?
CREB is a transcription factor that regulates diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, survival, and differentiation. CREB is induced by a variety of growth factors and inflammatory signals and subsequently mediates the transcription of genes containing a cAMP-responsive element.
What is the function of CREB signaling?
Additionally, CREB signaling is involved in learning and memory in several organisms (4-6). CREB is able to selectively activate numerous downstream genes through interactions with different dimerization partners. CREB is activated by phosphorylation at Ser133 by various signaling pathways including Erk, Ca 2+, and stress signaling.
What is the antibody for CREB?
Phospho-CREB (Ser133) (87G3) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of CREB only when phosphorylated at serine 133. The antibody also detects the phosphorylated form of the CREB-related protein, ATF-1.
What is the sensitivity of the CREB rabbit Mab?
Specificity / Sensitivity. CREB (48H2) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total CREB-1 protein. The antibody does not cross-react with other ATF/CREB family members.
How do I prepare magnetic beads for protein G chromatography?
Pellet protein G magnetic beads by placing the tubes in a magnetic separation rack and wait 1 to 2 min for solution to clear. Carefully transfer eluted chromatin supernatant to a new tube. To all tubes, including the 2% input sample from Step 1, reverse cross-links by adding 6 µl 5M NaCl and 2 µl Proteinase K #10012, and incubate 2 h at 65°C.