How do you calculate rate of reaction in IB chemistry?
If we are to measure the rate of the reaction then we must be able to measure something that tells us the concentration of either the reactants or products….7.1 – Rates of reaction.
| Rate = | change in concentration |
|---|---|
| time |
What is the Maxwell-Boltzmann theory?
The Maxwell-Boltzmann equation, which forms the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, defines the distribution of speeds for a gas at a certain temperature. From this distribution function, the most probable speed, the average speed, and the root-mean-square speed can be derived.
How does concentration affect the rate of reaction IB?
The energy of particles is expressed by their speed….6.2 – Collision theory.
| Condition | Effect on rate | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Concentration | Increasing the concentration of a reactant increases the rate of the reaction (usually) | There are more collisions as there are more particles in closer proximity |
What does the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve tell us quizlet?
Explanation. The Maxwell speed distribution curve describes the number of molecules that are moving at a particular speed at a specific temperature. From the curve, we can extract the most probable speed, the average speed, and the root-mean-square speed.
What are the basic approaches of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics?
Quantum particles are either bosons (following instead Bose–Einstein statistics) or fermions (subject to the Pauli exclusion principle, following instead Fermi–Dirac statistics). Both of these quantum statistics approach the Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics in the limit of high temperature and low particle density.
Why is the Boltzmann distribution important?
The Boltzmann distribution gives the probability that a system will be in a certain state as a function of that state’s energy, while the Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions give the probabilities of particle speeds or energies in ideal gases.
How does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction IB chemistry?
Catalysts lower the activation energy by providing an alternative mechanism for the reaction/ greater probability of proper orientation. This results in a faster reaction.
Which properties can be monitored to determine the rate of the reaction IB?
To measure reaction rate, plot concentration vs time graph. The rate is determined from slope of gradient at point t on the graph.
What is the relationship between rate constant and temperature?
Temperature Dependence of the Rate Constant: Increasing the temperature of a reaction generally speeds up the process (increases the rate) because the rate constant increases according to the Arrhenius Equation.
What are the three primary ways to measure the rate of reaction?
There are three main methods of measuring rate:
- measuring the volume of gas given off by a reaction over time.
- measuring the loss of mass of a reaction over time when a gas is produced.
What are the basic approaches of Maxwell Boltzmann statistics?
What does the Maxwell speed distribution tell us?
The Maxwell speed distribution curve describes the number of molecules that are moving at a particular speed at a specific temperature. From the curve, we can extract the most probable speed, the average speed, and the root-mean-square speed.
Does Maxwell’s theory work for a sample of 200 molecules explain?
Maxwell theory works for large number of molecules so that the statistical distribution is reliable. A sample of 200 molecules is not sufficient to obtain a smooth distribution.
What is a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution graph?
This is where the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution graph comes in. The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is a probability function that shows the distribution of energy amongst the particles of an ideal gas. It’s a handy way of showing how particles within a substance vary in energy, including how many meet or exceed the activation energy of a reaction.
What is Boltzmann distribution in chemistry?
Thus, the exact distribution of the energies of the molecules in a container with a fixed temperature is given by Maxwell Boltzmann distribution. Kinetic molecular theory is used in order to determine the motion of a molecule of an ideal gas under a certain set of conditions.
What did Maxwell and Boltzmann discover about the speed distribution?
Maxwell and Boltzmann discovered that this distribution may be described by plotting the fraction of molecules in a container with a given kinetic energy vs kinetic energy. Notice that the plot is not symmetrical so the most probable speed is not the same as the average speed. Effect of temperature
What is the Maxwell-Boltzmann law?
It always follows that for gases that follow the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (if thermalized) Maxwell Boltzmann law is given by the expression where k is the Boltzmann constant with value 1.98 X 10?²³ J/K and T is the Temperature.