What is endodontic biofilm?
Biofilms are sessile multicellular microbial communities where microbes are enmeshed in a self-made extracellular polymeric substance (EPS, usually a polysaccharide), and firmly attached to surfaces [1]. These surfaces include root canal walls that provide a niche for bacteria [2,3].
What is biofilm in periodontology?
MICROBIOLOGY OF BIOFILMS Plaque biofilm consists of different complexes of periodontal microorganisms which are based on the frequency with which microorganisms are recovered together. These complexes have been depicted in Figure 2.
What are biofilms involved in the formation of dental caries?
Dental biofilm is an essential factor in the etiology of dental caries. Cariogenic bacteria streptococci, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli are found to be more closely associated with dental caries. Laboratory microbial culture models can provide a steady and controllable environment for cariology research.
What is Extraradicular plaque?
Extraradicular biofilm Extraradicular biofilms formed on the root surface adjacent to the root apex of endodontically infected teeth are root surface biofilms.
What is the difference between biofilm and plaque?
Biofilm- a layer or layers of bacterial cells surrounded by extracellular polymeric substances firmly attached to a surface (e.g., tooth, gingiva). Dental biofilm- a biofilm attached to the supragingival or subgingival surface of a tooth. Plaque- the visible accumulation of a supragingival or subgingival biofilm.
What are 4 steps of forming a dental biofilm?
Biofilm formation is commonly considered to occur in four main stages: (1) bacterial attachment to a surface, (2) microcolony formation, (3) biofilm maturation and (4) detachment (also termed dispersal) of bacteria which may then colonize new areas [2].
What bacteria is in dental biofilm?
Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and low-pH tolerant Streptococcus spp. Cariogenic bacterial species are present in healthy dental biofilm.
Where is biofilm found dental?
Biofilm occurs in dental unit waterlines because of the long, small-diameter tubing and low flow rates used in dentistry, the frequent periods of stagnation, and the potential for retraction of oral fluids. As a result, high numbers of common water bacteria can be found in untreated dental unit water systems.
What is smear layer endodontic?
When the root canals are instrumented during endodontic therapy, a layer of material composed of dentine, remnants of pulp tissue and odontoblastic processes, and sometimes bacteria, is always formed on the canal walls. This layer has been called the smear layer.
Why apply the biofilm concept to endodontic microbiology?
It is important to apply the biofilm concept to endodontic microbiology to understand the pathogenic potential of the root canal microbiota as well as to form the basis for new approaches for disinfection. It is foremost to understand that how the biofilm formed by root canal bacteria resists endodontic treatment measures. Footnotes
What is the role of chemo-mechanical debridement in treating endodontic infections?
• Because bacteria causing endodontic infections are mostly found in the main root canal, chemo-mechanical debridement plays a key role in treating endodontic infections. • However, because of the complex root canal anatomy, about 35% of the instrumented root canal area is left untouched when conventional rotary and hand instruments are used.
What is endodontic disease?
Endodontic disease is a biofilm-mediated infection, and primary aim in the management of endodontic disease is the elimination of bacterial biofilm from the root canal system. The most common endodontic infection is caused by the surface-associated growth of microorganisms.
What causes biofilm formation in root canals?
• Biofilm formation in root canals is probably initiated sometime after the first invasion of the pulp chamber by oral microorganisms after some tissue breakdown, as hypothesized by Svensäter and Bergenholtz 5.