What is high risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
High-risk PDR is characterized by NVD greater than one-fourth to one-third disc area in size; any NVD with a vitreous or preretinal hemorrhage; or NVE greater than one-half a disc area in size with a PRH or VH.
What is the hallmark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
The hallmark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is neovascularization (NV) which occurs at the latter stages of the disease and can result in blindness; NV is the consequence of abnormal fibrovascular proliferations with subsequent bleeding and retinal detachment [5].
What is the most important risk factor in diabetic retinopathy?
One of the major risk factors for diabetic retinopathy is a long duration of diabetes. The condition is caused by persistently high blood sugar levels damaging the small thread-like blood vessels that supply the retina.
What is the main cause of vision loss in proliferative diabetic retinopathy *?
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the back of the eye (retina). It can cause blindness if left undiagnosed and untreated. However, it usually takes several years for diabetic retinopathy to reach a stage where it could threaten your sight.
What is the difference between proliferative and non proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy falls into two main classes: nonproliferative and proliferative. The word “proliferative” refers to whether or not there is neovascularization (abnormal blood vessel growth) in the retinaEarly disease without neovascularization is called nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).
What conditions increase the risk of diabetic retinopathy?
Risk factors The risk of developing the eye condition can increase as a result of: Having diabetes for a long time. Poor control of your blood sugar level. High blood pressure.
What does NPDR mean?
Definition: Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is the most common form of diabetic retinopathy. Early stages consist of edema and hard exudates, lipid that has leaked from abnormal blood vessels, in the central retina, resulting in blurred central vision.
How many stages of diabetic retinopathy development are there?
Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive eye disease classified by two types and four stages.
What is NPDR in retina?
Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), commonly known as background retinopathy, is an early stage of diabetic retinopathy. In this stage, tiny blood vessels within the retina (the capillaries) leak blood and/or fluid and/or cholesterol.
What is high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
High-Risk Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) refers to a state that puts patients at severe risk of developing diabetic retinopathy due to which they may develop complete or partial vision loss. We have covered in-depth how to prevent diabetic retinopathy here.
What is didiabetic retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy represents microvascular end-organ damage as a result of diabetes. It ranges from non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and its stages to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). As the disease progresses, associated diabetic macular edema (DME) may also become apparent.
What are the different types of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy can be categorized into early proliferative diabetic retinopathy or high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The early proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by the formation of new blood vessels in the eyes, though it does not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of high-risk PDR.
What are the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy?
There are several other key risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy beyond years since diagnosis and type of diabetes. Additionally, elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and blood pressure are associated with increased risk of diabetic retinopathy.