Table of Contents
What happens if sodium hypochlorite is injected?
Most complications of the use of sodium hypochlorite appear to be the result of its accidental injection beyond the root apex which can cause violent tissue reactions characterized by pain, swelling, hemorrhage, and in some cases the development of secondary infection and paresthesia [34].
Is sodium hypochlorite hazardous?
exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency. ► Exposure to Sodium Hypochlorite can cause headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. OXIDIZER which enhances the combustion of other substances.
What happens when you heat sodium hypochlorite?
Heating NaOCl increases its dissolving and disinfecting properties [4-7]. Warming of NaOCl can be done by either preheating the solution outside of the canal or heating it inside the canal [4,8].
Is sodium hypochlorite corrosive?
Sodium hypochlorite is known to be corrosive to metals, therefore, it important to wipe down metal surfaces with water or ethanol after treating them with a bleach solution. Bleach should be stored between 2-8°C (50-70°F).
What is the main reason the sodium hypochlorite accident leads to pain?
An NaOCl accident occurs when there is extravasation of this irrigation solution beyond the apex, leading to tissue necrosis. This manifests as severe pain, burning, rapid tissue swelling, and bleeding from the periapical tissue.
What is endodontic flare up?
A flare-up is defined as the occurrence of severe pain and swelling following an endodontic treatment appointment, requiring an unscheduled visit and active treatment. Flare-up is a well known complication that disturbs both patients and dentists.
What is the route of exposure and symptoms of sodium hypochlorite?
Skin: Causes skin irritation. Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Inhalation: May cause severe irritation of the respiratory tract with sore throat, coughing, shortness of breath and delayed lung edema.
How do you neutralize sodium hypochlorite?
If a specific situation requires sodium chlorite to be neutralized, the chlorite must first be reduced by a reaction with sodium sulfite. The use of sodium sulfite is recommended over other reducing agents such as sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), and sodium meta-bisulfite (Na2S2O5).
How long does it take for sodium hypochlorite to break down?
At normal pH (6-8), sodium hypochlorite can degrade substantially within 2-3 weeks.
How do you clean up a sodium hypochlorite spill?
Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Absorb spill using an absorbent, non-combustible material such as earth, sand, or vermiculite. Do not use combustible materials such as sawdust. Provide ventilation.
How do you deal with a accident with sodium hypochlorite?
Should a NaOCl accident be suspected (the patient may report immediate pain or a burning sensation and swelling may become apparent within minutes), copious irrigation with saline is recommended.
Does hypochlorite accident happen immediately?
Sodium Hypochlorite accident during Root canal procedure is although rare but has been seen in certain cases which can range from showing mild symptoms to severe symptoms in patients which has to be dealt with immediately.
How do you treat a flare-up after a root canal?
A root canal flare-up is an incidence of severe pain and swelling after endodontic treatment. Patients that experience any of these symptoms should contact their dentist, endodontist, or doctor right away. You may be prescribed antibiotics, stronger pain medication, or a steroid.
How do you handle a flare-up?
Rather than highs and lows of activity, try and keep a constant level of activity. During a flare-up don’t over rest during the day or try to sleep through the pain as this really effects night time sleep. A good night’s sleep is extremely important.
What neutralizes sodium chloride?
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed when hydrochloric acid is neutralised by sodium hydroxide.
How long does it take for bleach to neutralize?
4. Bleach solutions require a full 10 minutes of contact time to ensure complete disinfection. If bleach solution evaporates in less than 10 minutes, a greater volume of solution should be applied.
Does sodium hypochlorite lose strength?
Sodium hypochlorite does degrade over time. The degradation products are naturally occurring compounds. Sodium hypochlorite stability is adversely affected by increases in storage temperature, low pH, exposure to sunlight and some metals in solution.
What is a sodium hypochlorite accident?
Sodium hypochlorite accident: inadvertent injection into the maxillary sinus Sodium hypochlorite was inadvertently injected into the maxillary sinus during root canal treatment of the right maxillary first molar. Sterile water irrigation of the sinus was effected through the palatal canal.
Can sodium hypochlorite be injected into the maxillary sinus?
Sterile water irrigation of the sinus was effected through the palatal canal. The expected sequelae of pain, significant edema, and hemorrhage were not experienced. Sodium hypochlorite was inadvertently injected into the maxillary sinus during root canal treatment of the right maxillary first molar.
How does sodium hypochlorite work as an anti bacterial agent?
Sodium Hypochlorite acts as a anti bacterial agent by dissolving the necrotic tissue due to its presence of 5% free chlorine and the high pH levels of pH 12 which helps in dissolving the necrotic tissue in the root canals. Sodium Hypochlorite is decomposed by light and should be stored in dark and cool place to maintain its efficiency.
Is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) safe for root canal treatment?
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used solution in root canal treatments, as it is a low-cost method that displays a very effective antimicrobial activity against microbiota of infected root canals. However, this solution can cause complications especially due to its cytotoxic features.