Table of Contents
What is Hexafluorosilicic acid used for?
Used in water fluoridation, in hardening cement and ceramics, as a wood preservative.
Where is fluoride banned?
While 70% of the U.S. fluoridates public drinking supplies, most modernized nations actually ban fluoride from their drinking water. Austria, Belgium, China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Norway and the Netherlands all refuse to use it for consumption.
Where does fluorosilicic acid come from?
Sources of Fluoride Additives It is refluxed (heated) with sulfuric acid to produce a phosphoric acid-gypsum (calcium sulfate-CaSO4) slurry. The phosphoric and fluoride gases that are released in the process are then separated. The fluoride gas is captured and used to create fluorosilicic acid.
What does the government add to water?
While the federal government recommends water fluoridation for dental health, the decision to add fluoride to community water systems is made by state and local governments.
What is FSA acid?
Hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6 or FSA) is a hazardous and corrosive byproduct of the production of hydrogen fluoride (HF) and phosphate-containing fertilizers. Large amounts of this industrial waste are produced every year, approximately more than 2 million tons.
Which states do not fluoridate their water?
Some major cities still do not fluoridate their water supplies, including: San Diego; Portland, Oregon; Honolulu, Hawaii; and Wichita, Kansas.
What countries fluoridate their water?
Worldwide, the Irish Republic and Singapore are the only countries which implement mandatory water fluoridation. The majority of drinking water in the Republic, (but not Northern Ireland), is fluoridated. In 2012, roughly 3.25 million people received artificially-fluoridated water.
What is a hexafluorosilicate?
Salts derived from hexafluorosilicic acid are called hexafluorosilicates . Hexafluorosilicic acid is generally assumed to consist of oxonium ions charge balanced by hexafluorosilicate dianions as well as water.
What is the product of the neutralization reaction of hexafluorosilicic acid?
Neutralization of solutions of hexafluorosilicic acid with alkali metal bases produces the corresponding alkali metal fluorosilicate salts: The resulting salt Na 2 SiF 6 is mainly used in water fluoridation. Related ammonium and barium salts are produced similarly for other applications.
What is the formula for hexafluorosilicic acid?
Hexafluorosilicic acid is generally assumed to consist of oxonium ions charge balanced by hexafluorosilicate dianions as well as water. In aqueous solution, the hydronium cation (H 3O +) is traditionally equated with a solvated proton, and as such, the formula for this compound is often written as H. 2SiF.
What is the degree of hydrolysis of hexafluorosilicic acid?
At the pH of drinking water, the degree of hydrolysis is essentially 100%. Neutralization of solutions of hexafluorosilicic acid with alkali metal bases produces the corresponding alkali metal fluorosilicate salts: The resulting salt Na 2 SiF 6 is mainly used in water fluoridation.