Table of Contents
What causes elevated anion gap?
The most common causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis are: ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, kidney failure, and toxic ingestions. Ketoacidosis can occur as a complication of diabetes mellitus (diabetic ketoacidosis), but can occur due to other disorders, such as chronic alcoholism and malnutrition.
How do you remember the anion gap?
Two popular mnemonics are often used to remember the major causes of the high-gap metabolic acidoses. The first is KUSMALE (a useful misspelling of Adolph Kussmaul’s name), which represents Ketoacidosis, Uraemia, Salicylate poisoning, Methanol, Aldehyde (paraldehyde), Lactate, and Ethylene glycol.
What does high anion gap metabolic acidosis mean?
Metabolic acidoses are categorized based on whether the anion gap is high or normal. High anion gap acidoses are most often due to ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, chronic kidney disease, or certain toxic ingestions. Normal anion gap acidoses are most often due to gastrointestinal or renal HCO3− loss.
How do you remember respiratory acidosis and alkalosis?
Now, if a patient’s pH falls below 7.35, they are in a state of acidosis (remember the acidic-lemon?). If the patient’s pH is above 7.45, the patient would be in a state of alkalosis (the elk-loser).
Is DKA HAGMA or Nagma?
Learning Objectives: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is classically associated with high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) due to accumulation of ketoanions.
What does Nagma stand for?
NAGMA
| Acronym | Definition |
|---|---|
| NAGMA | Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis |
| NAGMA | Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis |
Should I be worried if my anion gap is low?
If the anion gap is too low, your blood isn’t acidic enough. Both high and low results may be signs of a serious disorder in your body that needs attention.
What does MUDPILES stand for?
One of the best-known mnemonics in medicine is MUDPILES (for methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, propylene glycol, isoniazid, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates), which helps us remember causes of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis. Acronyms browser? Full browser?
What is the new mnemonic for MUDPILES?
GOLD MARK is a new mnemonic recommended to replace MUDPILES for causes of anion-gap metabolic acidosis
What is the difference between MUDPILES and kusmale?
KUSMALE is an alternative to MUDPILES that reminds us of Kussmaul respirations that the patient might have. It stands for Ethylene glycol. Metabolic acidosis 2/2 excessive paraldehyde use has become exceedingly rare.