Table of Contents
What is gettering in VLSI?
Gettering is the process of removing impurities from the active circuit on a wafer that is normally carried out during crystal growth. It also serves as an important ingredient to facilitate the profit of VLSI production.
Why is it useful to include oxygen defects in a silicon wafer?
This is useful because during thermal processing interstitial oxygen can diffuse out and the density of etch pits measured by etching the surface of a wafer is different from the density in the bulk.
What is gettering process?
Gettering is defined as a process by which metal impurities in the device region are reduced by localizing them in predetermined, passive regions of the silicon wafer. Gettering processes can represent up to 10% of the total integrated circuit manufacturing costs.
What is the importance of gettering process?
One of the most important effects of oxygen in single crystal silicon used in microelectronics is the gettering of metallic impurities. The basic concept of this technique is to form oxygen precipitates deep in the bulk of material, and far away from regions where active devices are manufactured.
What is getter coating?
Coating getter. A coating applied to metal parts of the vacuum system that will be heated during use. Usually a nonvolatile metal powder sintered in a porous coating to the surface of the electrodes of power vacuum tubes, maintained at temperatures of 200 to 1200 °C during operation.
What is getter material?
A getter material is designed to react with the gas species present, thus creating a chemical reaction. Typical gases present in vacuum systems are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N hydrogen (H2), and water vapor (H2O).
What is used to remove oxygen from vacuum tubes?
In a vacuum tube, the location of the getter is sometimes identified by a shiny silver deposit behind the glass, which is residue from the firing. The metal used in the getter depends on tube manufacturer, type and composition. Barium is an excellent oxygen absorber and is used in tubes with a fired getter.
What is getter and setter method?
Getters and setters are used to protect your data, particularly when creating classes. For each instance variable, a getter method returns its value while a setter method sets or updates its value. Given this, getters and setters are also known as accessors and mutators, respectively.
What is difference between setter method and constructor?
The constructors are used to initialize the instance variable of a class or, create objects. The setter/getter methods are used to assign/change and retrieve values of the instance variables of a class.
What is setter in poultry?
A setter is a hen who will hatch her eggs. A non-setter is a hen who will not hatch eggs. The vast majority of chicken breeds will occasionally go “broody,” meaning they will set their eggs and try to hatch them. However, a “setter” usually refers to a breed (or a specific hen) that frequently goes broody.
What is the silver coating in vacuum tubes?
When the tube is pumped out and sealed, the getter is fired, producing a ‘getter flash’ inside the tube. The silvery patch that is visible is created by the getter. The getter has performed its function by absorbing much of the remaining oxygen. And the harder the vacuum, the better the performance of the tube.
Which is better setter or constructor?
Use Setter injection when a number of dependencies are more or you need readability. Use Constructor Injection when Object must be created with all of its dependency.
Can we use both constructor and setter injection?
If we use both constructor and setter injection, IOC container will use the setter injection. Changes: We can easily change the value by setter injection. It doesn’t create a new bean instance always like constructor. So setter injection is flexible than constructor injection.
What is meant by gettering in chemistry?
Gettering is a general term for the removal of impurities (usually nonmetals) by converting them into more stable compounds that are insoluble in the liquid metal. The elements (usually metals) that are added for this purpose are termed getters and are usually insoluble in the liquid metals.
How to Getter impurities in solar cell technology?
Therefore, the most frequently applied gettering procedure in solar cell technology is phosphorus and lately, aluminum diffusion. Some alternative approaches have been studied recently, such as to exploit the capability of structural defects to getter impurities.
What are the different types of gettering in silicon processing?
Although a wide variety of gettering schemes have been developed for silicon processing, two approaches are dominant. First, intrinsic or internal gettering (IG) is achieved in the interior of Czochralski (CZ) bulk silicon wafers, which have been subjected to a high–low–high annealing cycle.
How do you remove impurities from metals?
The elements (usually metals) that are added for this purpose are termed getters and are usually insoluble in the liquid metals. The getter can thus be immersed in the liquid metal, held there until it has collected the impurity, and then withdrawn.