Table of Contents
How are chromosome copies separated from each other?
The chromosomes are separated by a structure called the mitotic spindle. The mitotic spindle is made of many long proteins called microtubules, which are attached to a chromosome at one end and to the pole of a cell at the other end. The sister chromatids are separated simultaneously at their centromeres.
What is the process of separating chromosomes called?
Mitosis is the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by division of the parent cell into two daughter cells. The word “mitosis” means “threads,” and it refers to the threadlike appearance of chromosomes as the cell prepares to divide.
How are duplicated chromosomes attached together?
The two copies of a chromosome are called sister chromatids. The sister chromatids are identical to one another and are attached to each other by proteins called cohesins.
What is it called when chromosomes attach?
Chromatid The two “sister” chromatids are joined at a constricted region of the chromosome called the centromere. During cell division, spindle fibers attach to the centromere and pull each of the sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell.
What attaches the chromosome to the spindle fiber during metaphase?
The spindle fibers from the other side of the cell attach to the other sister chromatids of the chromosome. They attach at a point called the kinetochore, which is a disk or protein that is on each side of the centromere. The spindle fibers will move the chromosomes until they are lined up at the spindle equator.
What is a replicated chromosome?
A replicated chromosome contains two identical double strand -DNA- molecules, the chromatids, that are joined at their centromere. Two single sets of pairs (daughter) chromosomes are formed by separation of the pair of chromatids during cell division (from anaphase on in mitosis and anaphase II in meiosis)
What is the separation of a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I called?
anaphase I
Figure 3: During anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell. During anaphase I, the microtubules disassemble and contract; this, in turn, separates the homologous chromosomes such that the two chromosomes in each pair are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell (Figure 3).
What is the name of the junction where two chromatids get attached *?
7.10. 8.2 Understanding the normal karyotype. At metaphase, each pair of chromatids is joined by a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two arms.
What is the name of the junction where two chromatids get attached?
the centromere
genetics. …of two identical replicas, called chromatids, joined at a point called the centromere.
What is chromosomes attach to spindle fibers?
Long protein fibers called microtubules extend from the centrioles in all possible directions, forming what is called a spindle. Some of the microtubules attach the poles to the chromosomes by connecting to protein complexes called kinetochores.
Where spindle fibers attach?
During metaphase, spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids (see Figure below). The sister chromatids line up at the equator, or center, of the cell. This is also known as the metaphase plate.
What are replicated chromosomes strands?
A chromatid is a replicated chromosome having two daughter strands joined by a single centromere (the two strands separate during cell division to become individual chromosomes).
What is a replicated chromosome quizlet?
replicated chromosome. a chromosome that has been copied; consists of two identical chromatids each containing one double helical DNA molecule.
What separates during meiosis?
Homologue pairs separate during a first round of cell division, called meiosis I. Sister chromatids separate during a second round, called meiosis II. Since cell division occurs twice during meiosis, one starting cell can produce four gametes (eggs or sperm).
Where does the spindle attach to chromosomes?
kinetochore
The spindle fibers from the other side of the cell attach to the other sister chromatids of the chromosome. They attach at a point called the kinetochore, which is a disk or protein that is on each side of the centromere. The spindle fibers will move the chromosomes until they are lined up at the spindle equator.
When a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another resulting in mutation?
A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
What are attached at the centromere?
The centromere links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division. This constricted region of chromosome connects the sister chromatids, creating a short arm (p) and a long arm (q) on the chromatids. During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore.