Table of Contents
What chemo drugs cause nephrotoxicity?
Chemotherapeutic agents that induce nephrotoxicity include alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antitumor and antimicrotubule agents, and the widely used anticancer platinum agent cisplatin.
Does chemotherapy cause nephrotoxicity?
Despite dramatic improvements in patient survival and drug tolerability, nephrotoxicity remains an important complication of chemotherapy. Adverse renal effects occur because of innate drug toxicity and a number of patient- and drug-related factors.
Which drug has highest nephrotoxicity?
The most common answer was NSAIDs (81.1%), followed by aminoglycosides (66.9%). Most of the responders’ answers were compatible with the available evidence on common drugs causing nephrotoxicity [14] . …
Which anticancer drug causes nephrotoxicity?
The most nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic drug is cisplatin, which is often associated with acute kidney injury. Many other drugs such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors and epidermal growth factor receptor pathway inhibitors may have toxic effects on the kidneys.
How does cisplatin cause nephrotoxicity?
Cisplatin causes damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which lead to activation of both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis and necrosis. Mitochondrial energetics are also disrupted by cisplatin and may contribute to nephrotoxicity.
Which antibiotics can cause nephrotoxicity?
The potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics in current clinical use are neomycin, kanamycin, paromomycin, bacitracin, the polymyxins (polymyxin B, and colistin), and amphotericin B.
Is bleomycin nephrotoxic?
As bleomycin is often administered with nephrotoxic drugs, it is suggested that renal function should be checked prior to each administration of bleomycin. It is proposed that appropriate dose modifications could significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with bleomycin administration.
What is nephrotoxic effect?
Nephrotoxicity is defining as rapid deterioration in the kidney function due to toxic effect of medications and chemicals. There are various forms, and some drugs may affect renal function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
How do you prevent cisplatin nephrotoxicity?
The standard approach for prevention of CIN is the administration of lower doses of cisplatin in combination with full intravenous hydration prior and after cisplatin administration. Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in the kidney may be prevented by natural antioxidant compounds.
Is cisplatin toxic to kidneys?
In addition, cisplatin may cause renal vasoconstriction through injury on the renal vasculature, which reduces blood flow, causing ischemic damage to the kidney and affects the glomerular filtration rate. Finally, a series of adverse reactions trigger acute renal failure.
Why do aminoglycosides cause nephrotoxicity?
Aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic because a small but sizable proportion of the administered dose (≈5%) is retained in the epithelial cells lining the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubules (135) after glomerular filtration (30).
Is etoposide nephrotoxic?
Etoposide has been shown to induce cytotoxicity in human kidney proximal tubule cells via the generation of reactive oxygen species and signaling by extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) [30,31], with the incidence of nephrotoxicity in SCLC patients receiving platinum- etoposide doublet therapy having previously …
What causes toxic nephropathy?
Definition Toxic nephropathy is a general term used to categorize any adverse functional or structural changes in the kidney due to the effect of a chemical or biological product that is inhaled, ingested, injected, or otherwise absorbed, or that yields toxic metabolites with an identifiable adverse effect on the …
Why is cisplatin nephrotoxic?
How do you reduce nephrotoxicity?
How do you Prevent Nephrotoxicity?
- Limit intake of NSAID drugs and limit painkillers.
- Look out for words in prescription leaflet which indicate “could cause nephrotoxicity” and avoid using these drugs.
- Use alternate drugs which are non-nephrotoxic drugs.
Which chemotherapeutic agents cause nephrotoxicity?
Chemotherapeutic agents that induce nephrotoxicity include alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antitumor and antimicrotubule agents, and the widely used anticancer platinum agent cisplatin. EGFR, BRAF, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and immune checkpoint inhibitors are common targeted cancer therapies that may also cause nephrotoxicity.
Is cisplatin a nephrotoxic chemotherapy agent?
Of the many drugs reported to cause ATN, cisplatin is the most well-known and best-studied nephrotoxic chemotherapy agent. It has been one of the oldest and the most frequently used platinum-based compounds in the treatment of cancer [ 4 ], and its effect on the kidney is a prototype for chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity.
Is nephrotoxicity a cytotoxic event?
Core tip: Nephrotoxicity is an adverse event that is well described with the use of conventional cytotoxic agents and with the advent of new agents directed to specific genes/proteins in recent decades.
What are some examples of nephrotoxic drugs?
Conventional cytotoxic agents such as cisplatin, alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide, antimetabolites such as methotrexate, and targeted therapeutics of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy are a few examples of cancer treatments with nephrotoxic effects.