What medications damage mitochondria?
Drug classes identified to cause mitochondrial toxicity are anti-diabetic drugs (thiazolidinediones, fibrates, biguanides), cholesterol lowering drugs (statins), anti-depressants (SARIs), pain medications (NSAIDs), certain antibiotics (fluroquinolones, macrolide), and anti-cancer drugs (kinase inhibitors and …
What types of treatment are available to patients with Mito?
Treatments for mitochondrial disease may include:
- Vitamins and supplements, including Coenzyme Q10; B complex vitamins, especially thiamine (B1) and riboflavin (B2); Alpha lipoic acid; L-carnitine (Carnitor); Creatine; and L-Arginine.
- Exercises, including both endurance exercises and resistance/strength training.
What causes seizures in mitochondrial disease?
Epilepsy is a frequent feature of mitochondrial disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial epilepsy are incompletely understood. Neuronal energy depletion, oxidative stress, and abnormal calcium signaling are key mechanisms. Immune mechanisms may also contribute to mitochondrial epilepsy.
What is toxic to mitochondria?
Mitochondrial toxicity is a condition in which the mitochondria of a body’s cells become damaged or decline significantly in number; it occurs as a side effect of certain antiretroviral drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.
What is the life expectancy for mitochondrial disease?
The prognosis for MELAS is poor. Typically, the age of death is between 10 to 35 years, although some patients may live longer. Death may come as a result of general body wasting due to progressive dementia and muscle weakness, or complications from other affected organs such as heart or kidneys.
Is epilepsy a mitochondrial disease?
Epilepsy is one of the most common manifestations of diseases resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in children. The onset of epilepsy is associated with poor prognosis, while its treatment is very challenging, which further adversely affects the course of these disorders.
Which of the mitochondrial disorders is characterized by epilepsy?
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a mitochondrial disorder that is associated with seizures; often, seizures are the presenting manifestation. Patients can also have recurrent headache and vomiting.
Is alcohol toxic to mitochondria?
Ethanol-induced damage to mitochondrial DNA, if not adequately repaired, impairs mitochondrial function, which further increases oxidative stress in the cell, leading to a vicious cycle of accumulating cell damage that is more apparent with advancing age.
Do benzodiazepines affect mitochondria?
These results suggest that ligand binding to mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors results in inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory control. This effect may help to explain the pleiotropic effects of receptor ligands on intact cells.
Does IVIG help mitochondrial disease?
Treatment with steroids and IVIG resulted in stabilization of symptoms without the accumulation of further deficits over 2 years. Muscle biopsy was consistent with a mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome.
What is the prevalence of POLG-related mitochondrial disorders?
POLG mutations are the most common cause of inherited mitochondrial disorders, with as many as 2% of the population carrying these mutations. POLG-related disorders comprise a continuum of overlapping phenotypes with onset from infancy to late adulthood.
Are patients with mitochondrial disease at increased risk during anaesthesia?
There are various concerns with regard to GA in this patient group, with a generally held belief that patients with mitochondrial disease are at increased risk during anaesthesia.
What is the function of the POLG gene?
The POLG gene encodes the mitochondrial DNA polymerase that is responsible for replication of the mitochondrial genome. Mutations in POLG can cause early childhood mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndromes or later-onset syndromes arising from mtDNA deletions. POLG mutations are the most common …
How do volatile anesthetics (VA) affect patients with mitochondrial disease?
Since VAs exert much of their effects in high-energy tissues, it is possible that patients with mitochondrial disease may have an abnormal sensitivity to VAs. Each of the volatile anesthetics depresses respiration, though to different degrees.