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What happens when Eyjafjallajökull erupted in 2010?
Eruptions began in the initially ice-capped summit crater of Eyjafjallajökull on 14 April 2010 (BGVN 35:03 and 35:04). After melting overlying portions of the icecap, the summit crater then emitted clouds of fine-grained ash that remained suspended in the atmosphere for long distances.
What were the impacts of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption?
Effects of the eruption within Iceland Areas were flooded because of the glacier melt water which lay above the volcano. Agricultural land was damaged, and farms were hit by heavy ash fall. The ash fall poisoned animals in nearby farms. Some roads were destroyed.
Where did the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull happen?
Between March and June 2010 a series of volcanic events at Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland caused enormous disruption to air travel across western and northern Europe. The disruptions started over an initial period of six days in April 2010.
Where is the flank on a volcano?
A flank eruption occurs where the lava-filled fractures intersect the slope of the volcano.
How were people affected by Eyjafjallajökull?
Social impact The people living in the rural areas ‘downwind’ of the volcano had to wear goggles and facemasks as the ash was so thick. 500 local cattle farmers and their families had to be evacuated from the area around the volcano. Many of the roads surrounding the volcano were shut down.
What causes a flank collapse?
Firstly, early volcanic activity may initially trigger lateral volcanic island collapse of the submarine flank. Static depressurisation effect caused resulting from flank collapse decompress a shallow magma chamber and induces eruption, and in these cases caldera-forming eruptions.
What is volcanic flank?
A flank eruption is a volcanic eruption which occurs on the flanks of a volcano, instead of at its summit. Such eruptions occur when the conduit connecting the summit to the magma chamber below is blocked, forcing the magma to move laterally.
How much damage was caused by Eyjafjallajökull?
IATA stated that the total loss for the airline industry was around US$1.7 billion (£1.1 billion, €1.3 billion). The Airport Operators Association (AOA) estimated that airports lost £80 million over the six-and-a-half days.
What environmental impacts did Eyjafjallajökull have?
Effect on the environment The volcano released approximately 150,000 tonnes of CO2 each day, but the massive reduction of air travel occurring over European skies caused by the ash cloud, saved an estimated 1.3 to 2.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere by 19 April 2010.
What is a flank margin collapse?
(a) Flank collapse is initiated near sea level, causing the downslope movement of a block of terrain. The surface of the affected terrain suffers limited transformation, with maximum transformation occurring along the sliding plane.
What type of volcano has flank eruptions?
A flank eruption is an eruption on the slopes of the main volcanic cone. Effusive flank eruptions of basalt are common on shield volcanoes . Explosive flank eruptions can also be called lateral blasts.
What is a flank collapse?
Here, we use the term flank collapse to refer to gravity-driven failures of volcanic material from subaerial and/or submarine volcanic island flanks, potentially also involving carbonate shelf material.
Who was affected by Eyjafjallajökull?
Exporters of perishable goods from the Caribbean and Africa were badly affected. Kenyan farmers reportedly resorted to dumping stocks of fresh food and flowers, which would otherwise have been sold to Europe. Kenya’s economy lost £2.8 billion because of flights to Europe being cancelled.