What is placenta mesenchymal dysplasia?
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare, benign condition that is characterized by enlargement of the placenta with multiple bunches of grape-like vesicles that can resemble a molar pregnancy by ultrasound and gross pathologic examination.
How common is placental mesenchymal dysplasia?
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare placental anomaly characterized by placentomegaly and grape like vesicles which resemble molar pregnancy. The incidence of PMD is reported to be 0.02% (1).
What is a Chorioangioma of the placenta?
Placental chorioangioma is the most common benign non-trophoblastic tumor of the placenta. It is derived from primitive chorionic mesenchyme and is typically vascular. Placenta chorioangiomas occur in approximately 1% of pregnancies. Most placental chorioangiomas are small and are not clinically important.
What is placental hypoplasia?
Distal villous hypoplasia is a form of placental villous maldevelopment that has the potential to cause significant intrauterine growth restriction with adverse consequences for fetal viability, neurodevelopmental outcome and adult cardiovascular health.
What causes placental mesenchymal dysplasia?
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare benign condition with unknown underlying cause. It has been some theories that PMD is a congenital malformation of the mesoderm due to mesenchymal hyperplasia in stem villi.
Is chorioangioma serious?
In the majority of cases the tumor is benign (noncancerous). Small chorioangiomas typically cause no symptoms and complications. If the chorioangioma is large, measuring more than 4 cm, in some cases it can pose serious risks to the pregnancy and the fetus, including fetal heart failure.
What is a placental tumor?
Chorioangioma is a tumor of the placenta. The placenta is the organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and attaches to the uterine wall, nourishing the growing fetus via the umbilical cord. Chorioangiomas are vascular tumors, meaning they are made up of blood vessels.
What is a heterogeneous placenta?
A heterogeneous placenta was defined as a thick placenta with a patchy decrease of echogenicity, which quivered like jelly to sharp abdominal pressure. A comprehensive morphologic and Doppler evaluation of the fetus and the uteroplacental circulation was performed.
How does chorioangioma of placenta cause Polyhydramnios?
The large surface area of the enlarged vessels of the angioma may also predispose to the increased transudation. Polyhydramnios also can be explained by the partial placental insufficiency caused by shunting of the fetal blood into the vessels of the chorioangioma.
How can I make my placenta stronger during pregnancy?
The recommended intake of iron almost doubles during pregnancy. As such, iron rich foods such as spinach, broccoli and kale are crucial during pregnancy. Low levels of iron could result in a deficiency and hinder the transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the placenta.
What are the most common placenta problems?
During pregnancy, possible placental problems include placental abruption, placenta previa and placenta accreta. After delivery, retained placenta is sometimes a concern.
What causes placental tumor?
The cause of chorioangioma is unknown. The abnormal masses form in the chorionic tissue, the tissue on the fetal side of the placenta. Chorioangiomas occur in an estimated 1% of pregnancies. The tumors are seen more often in pregnancies where the fetus is female and in those involving multiples (twins, triplets, etc.).
What is an abnormal placenta?
Normally, the placenta attaches at the top or side of the uterus. In some cases, the placenta develops in the wrong location or attaches itself too deeply into the uterine wall. These placental disorders are called placenta previa, placenta accreta, placenta increta or placenta percreta.
What is placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD)?
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare, benign placental, vascular anomaly. PMD is characterized by placentomegaly and grape-like vesicles resembling molar pregnancy on ultrasonography (USG).
How is placenta lesion diagnosed in first trimester?
On the first trimester sonography, documentation of two gestation sacs, a lesion that constitute the entire thickness of the placenta, and the lack of blood flow signals suggest the diagnosis of complete mole with coexistent fetus.[1] The diagnosis of PMD is only confirmed after evaluation of placental pathology.
Which histopathological findings are characteristic of placental lesion?
Histopathological examination (higher magnification) of placental lesion shows hydropic stem cell villi (long white arrow), central cistern (small white arrow) containing myxoid stroma and few congested blood vessels (small black arrows) in the stroma of hydropic villi with interspersed normal villi (long black arrow) Discussion
Is the placenta of a complete mole heterogeneous or homogeneous?
The placenta of a complete mole with coexisting normal fetus and partial molar pregnancy appears heterogeneous, with partially solid and cystic areas. On USG, a chorioangioma is a focal lesion and is hypoechoic compared to the rest of the placenta.